Effects of volitional wheel running on diurnal GC levels and GC responsiveness to restraint stress and ACTH challenge in male spague‐dawley rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exercise is a potent activator of the hypothalamo‐pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. In rats, the effects of voluntary training have been found to amplify the glucocorticoid (GC) response to novel stress. This suggests a possible change in adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We studied the effects of voluntary training on diurnal HPA‐axis rhythm, adrenal sensitivity and the response to and recovery from a novel stressor. Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into training (T) and sedentary (S) groups (n=8/grp) for 8 weeks with T having 24h access to running wheels. A standardized restraint protocol and ACTH challenge were also done at the end of 8 week treatment. The running distance of T rose gradually from week 1 to 6 (1755±35 (X±SEM) to 9016±2068 m/day, p<0.001). Diurnal GC levels were higher for T in wk 1 (T = 229±27 vs S = 122±14 ng/ml, p<0.002) but progressively decreased to reach values similar to S by wk 6 (T = 46±11 vs S = 28±10 ng/ml, p = NS). T and S had a similar GC response during restraint. T had lower GC levels than S during the ACTH challenge (T = 132±34 vs S = 320±24 ng/ml, p<0.001; data collapsed over time). Voluntary wheel running in rats initially causes hyperactivation of the HPA axis, which normalizes by 6 weeks of training. Also, exercisers have a normal response to and recovery from a novel stressor, but a decreased adrenal sensitivity to ACTH stimulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".