Tryptophan requirement of young, growing sows during pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accelerated conceptus growth in the last trimester may increase amino acid and energy requirements of pregnant sows. The objective of this study was to determine the Trp requirement in early (EG, d 35 to 53) and late (LG, d 92 to 111) gestation using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. Six 2 nd parity sows received 6 diets each based on corn, corn starch and sugar in both EG and LG at a constant allowance of 2.4 kg/d. Diets in EG contained Trp at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 % of the current Trp requirement (2.5 g/d) in EG and 60, 80, 100, 140, 160 and 180% in LG. Sows were fed 2 mg/(kg BW•h) of L[1‐ 13 C]Phe over 4 h in 8 ½‐hourly meals. Requirements were determined as the breakpoint in IAAO using 2‐phase nonlinear models. Sows, 167.7 kg (SE 3.93) at breeding, gained 44.3 kg (SE 3.63) during pregnancy and had litters of 14.5 piglets (SE 0.43) weighing 19.0 kg (SE 1.41). The Trp requirement was greater (P = 0.002) by 52% in LG (2.6 g/d) compared to EG (1.7 g/d). The increase (P = 0.001) in Phe retention from EG (2.94 g/d) to LG (8.28 g/d) agreed with a gain of 1 g/d N per fetus in LG and indicated that maternal protein gain was similar in EG and LG. Heat production was greater (P = 0.008) by 3% in LG compared to EG. Lipid retention decreased (P < 0.01) from EG to below zero in LG. Young sows strive to maintain fetal and maternal protein growth even if lipid retention becomes negative. This shows the importance of meeting amino acid requirements in late pregnancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".