Cerebral erythropoietin regulates the respiratory control system during early postnatal life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apart from its role in neuroprotection, erythropoietin (Epo) synthesized by neurons and astrocytes modulates the respiratory control system in adult mice. However, the impact of Epo in the regulation of the neural control of breathing during the postnatal development remains unknown. Here we use a transgenic mouse line (Tg21) constitutively overexpressing human Epo in brain to investigate whether Epo interacts with the brainstem centers associated with respiration during postnatal life. Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Epo and Epo receptor (EpoR) are expressed in the main central respiratory nuclei at 1, 4, 7, 10, 15 and 21 days of age. Furthermore, by using antibodies to choline acetyltranferase (ChAT), somatostatin (SST) and neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1), EpoR was localized to the pre‐Bötzinger complex nucleus at all studied postnatal days. Whole body phtethysmography technique was used to evaluate basal ventilation and ventilatory response to hypoxia at 10% and 6% O 2 . Compared to wild type animals, Tg21 mice showed improved hypoxic ventilation (both at 10% and 6% O 2 ) at postnatal days 15 and 21, but not 7 and 10. These results are in line with data obtained by radioimmunoassay, showing that overexpression of Epo in transgenic mice brains dramatically increases after 10 days of postnatal life. These results imply that cerebral Epo plays a key‐regulating role in the neural control of breathing in a period in which the central respiratory network undergoes full development and maturation. Source of research support is Molly Towell Perinatal Research Foundation (MTPRF).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".