Identification of the immediate precursors of tumor dendritic cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ontogeny of dendritic cells (DC) in tumors remains unclear. Our previous studies have shown that conventional DC (cDC) in murine lymphoid tissue and bone marrow arise from a distinct population of CD11c(+) MHC class II(−)lineage(−) immediate precursors, which are now known as pre‐cDC. In this study, we show that pre‐cDC are a key source of DC in experimental murine tumors. Pre‐cDC from tumors are replication‐competent and generate homogeneous cDC that continue to divide for several generations when co‐cultured on a supportive stromal monolayer. Adoptively transferred pre‐cDC, but not monocytes, generate DC in tumors. In vivo bromodeoxyuridine incorporation studies reveal that endogenous pre‐cDC and cDC are actively replicating in tumors. The chemokine, CCL3, was found to play a critical role in promoting pre‐cDC migration into tumors from the circulation. Collectively, our findings provide evidence of a distinct development pathway for cDC in tumors and highlight the importance of in situ replication of pre‐cDC and cDC in their expansion. The identification of this pathway is an important step in addressing how tumor microenvironments influence the developmental fate and function of DC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".