Prolonged Low‐ to Moderate‐Intensity Exercise Improves Metabolic and Oxidative Profiles in Healthy Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress results in cellular lipid, protein and DNA oxidation as well as overall metabolic dysfunction. This may result in chromosomal damage, telomere erosion, and accelerated cellular aging. Long‐term participation in physical activity promotes healthy metabolic and oxidative profiles whereas the effects of prolonged and continuous exercise, are unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of prolonged exercise on oxidative and metabolic stress as well as cellular ageing in healthy adults participating in multi‐day wilderness expedition. Methods Twenty‐seven people participated in the study. Sixteen went on a 14‐day, 260‐km wilderness canoeing expedition (12 males) (E) (24 ± 7 yrs, 72 ± 6 kg, 178 ± 8.0 cm, 18.4 ± 8.4 %BF, 47.5 ± 9.3 mlO 2 ·kg −1 ·min −1 ), requiring 6–9 hrs of low to moderate exercise daily. Eleven acted as controls (7 males) (C) (31 ± 11 yrs, 72 ± 15 kg, 174 ± 10 cm, 22.8 ± 10.0 %BF, 47.1 ± 9.0 mlO 2 ·kg −1 ·min −1 ). Blood sample collection was completed before and after the expedition. ANCOVA analyses, with age, gender, fitness, and baseline values as covariates, were performed on serum metabolic, hormonal and oxidative variables while telomere length was isolated from blood mononuclear cells. Results Serum total cholesterol, high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein, testosterone, insulin, sodium, potassium, urea and chloride concentrations were not different between groups. Serum triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), and creatinine (CR) levels were all lower following the expedition (TG, E: 69 ± 18 vs. C: 106 ± 45 mg·dL −1 ; p = 0.002: GLU, E: 86.2 ± 5.4 vs. C: 95.8 ± 8.8 mg·dL −1 ; p < 0.001: CR E: 0.89 ± 0.13 vs. C: 0.96 ± 0.16 mg·dL −1 ; p < 0.001). Oxidative stress, as assessed via malondialdehyde (MDA) was unaffected (E: 4.2 ± 1.3 vs. C: 4.1 ± 0.7 μM; p > 0.05) but superoxidase dismutase activity (SOD), representative of antioxidant activity, was greater in the expedition group (E: 3.1 ± 0.4 vs. C: 0.8 ± 0.5 U·ml −1 ; p < 0.001). Telomere length, as a cellular sign for stress and senescence, was unchanged (E: 1.00 ± 0.48 vs. C: 0.89 ± 0.28 TS ratio; p = 0.77). Conclusion These results indicate a modest improvement in metabolic and oxidative profiles following 14 days of low to moderate exercise in healthy young individuals. The observed changes in SOD suggest a stronger cellular protective response from antioxidants to counteract the exercise‐associated production of pro‐oxidant free radicals and reactive oxygen species during prolonged low‐moderate physical loading. Although improved antioxidant activity may lead to increased telomere length, it seems that the present exercise stimulus was insufficient to promote a positive cellular aging profile with concordant chromosomal changes in our young participants. Support or Funding Information The work was supported by a Laurentian University Research Fund grant and a travel grant from the University of Oulu This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".