Enhanced Expression of G(alpha)q and PLCβ1 in Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Role of Endogenous Angiotensine II and Endothelin‐1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gαq and Gαq associated signaling play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and cardiac hypertrophy. We have earlier shown that hyperglycemia, induced enhanced expression of Gαq and PLCβ proteins in vscular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) which was attributed to the endogenous levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1). The present study was undertaken to investigate if the expression of Gαq and PLCβ 1 proteins is upregulated in aortic VSMC from 16 week‐old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that has been shown to exhibit cardiac hypertrophy and to further explore the implication of endogenous Ang II and ET‐1 in this upregulation. The expression of Gαq and PLCβ proteins in VSMC was determined by Western Blotting analysis, whereas vascular hypertrophy and prolifeartion was determined by 3 H‐leucine and 3 H‐thymidine incorporation respectively. The expression of Gαq and PLCβ 1 proteins was significantly increased in VSMC from 16‐week old SHR and not from 12‐week old SHR as compared to their age mached WKY rats. The incresead expression of Gαq and PLCβ1 was attenuated by AT 1 receptor antagonist, losartan, and ET A receptor antagonist, BQ123, but not by ET B receptor antagonist, BQ788. Protein and DNA synthesis was significantly augmented in VSMC from 16 week‐old SHR as compared to WKY rats. However, the antisense of Gαq attenuated the hypertrophy but not the prolifeartion. These results suggest that VSMC from 16‐week old SHR exhibit enhanced expression of Gαq and PLCβ 1 which may be attributed to enhanced levels of Ang II and ET‐1 and may be responsible for the vascular hypertrophy observed in 16 week‐ald SHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".