Glucagon‐like Peptide‐2 Therapy Improves Outcomes of Intestinal Adaptation and Decreases Relative Apoptosis in a Distal Intestinal Resection Neonatal Piglet Model of Short Bowel Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) is an intestinotrophic hormone produced in the ileum and colon that has been shown to augment intestinal adaptation in adult short bowel syndrome (SBS). Endogenous GLP‐2 levels and intestinal adaptation are reduced in distal intestinal resection (DIR) animal models of SBS that lack remnant ileum. We hypothesize that exogenous GLP‐2 will improve clinical, morphological, and histological outcomes of intestinal adaptation in a DIR neonatal piglet model of SBS. Twelve piglets underwent a 75% DIR with a jejunocolic anastomosis. Parenteral nutrition (PN) started on day 1 and was weaned as enteral nutrition (EN) was advanced. On day 2, piglets were randomized to IV GLP‐2 (11nmol/kg/day) or saline. Comparisons were made using the Student's t‐test, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. GLP‐2‐ vs saline‐treated DIR piglets had fewer days of diarrhea (8.0±0.7 vs 12.3±0.4d), fewer days on PN (10.0±0.6 vs 13.8±0.2d), increased bowel length (19±4 vs −5±3%), and deeper jejunal crypts (248±21 vs 172±12μm). The fold increase in jejunal villus apoptosis was lower for DIR piglets vs surgical controls (1.1±0.1 vs 2.3±0.6 fold) in response to GLP‐2. GLP‐2 therapy improves clinical, morphological, and histological outcomes of intestinal adaptation in a DIR neonatal piglet model of SBS, and reduces relative apoptosis. These results support a potential role for GLP‐2 therapy in pediatric SBS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".