Some aspects of Canada and the United States Arctic Politics (2000–2020)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article focuses on the institutional framework and approaches of the governments of Canada and the United States to the issue of ensuring the military, economic and environmental security of their Arctic territories. This region has always been in the focus of special interests of Ottawa's domestic and foreign policy, being one of the “pillars” of its northern identity. Previous liberal Chretien and Martin Administrations, as well as the current Prime Minister J. Trudeau, tried to promote an international agenda with a focus on the needs of the indigenous population. Only under the right-wing conservative government of Stephen Harper (2006-2015), Canadian policy in the Arctic underwent only some “cosmetic” changes in order to achieve specific electoral goals. At the same time developed at the beginning of the century Washington's strategy was based on an unconditional recognition of its unilateral actions in favor of pursuing its national interests, which still run counter to Canada's aspirations for a sole strengthening in the Arctic. The issue of the development of rich natural resources, along with the strengthening its military potential in the Far North, especially in the context of rivalry with Russia and China, has made U.S. regional policy more aggressive and assertive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".