<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> induces a robust acute inflammatory response with increased colonic permeability and altered tight junction proteins in <i>Muc2</i> <sup>−/−</sup> mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The intestinal MUC2 mucus layer is the first line of innate host defense against pathogens. Mice deficient in Muc2 spontaneously develop colitis and are more susceptible to DSS induced injury. The colonic parasite Entamoeba histolytica ( Eh ) exploit the mucus layer by binding of the parasite Gal/GalNAc lectin to mucin oligosaccharides to facilitate colonization leading to infectious disease in humans. In this study we investigated the innate host defenses in Muc2 −/− mice challenged with virulent Eh in a colonic loop model of infection. Eh induced a time dependent robust secretory response in Muc2 −/− mice associated with increased pathology and leakage of serum albumin (p<0.01). The acute inflammation was dominated by elevated IFN‐γ and TNF‐α protein secretion. Surprisingly, Eh caused an increased expression of the pore forming tight junction protein claudin‐2 and a corresponding decreased expression of claudin‐4 and occludin (p<0.05). In the absence of Muc2, Eh elicits a robust acute inflammatory response and expression of TJ proteins leading to increased intestinal permeability emphasizing the role of Muc2 in luminal and epithelial barrier functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".