EBSD Microstructural studies on quenched-tempered API 5L X65 pipeline steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heat treatment is suggested as a means of improving microstructural properties for steels. Three API 5L X65 pipeline steels were subjected to a variety of quenching rates in brine and oil after heating up to 800°C. Thereafter, tempering was performed at a lower temperature of 550°C. Quenching the steels at a slower rate in oil generated refined microstructures consisting of mostly recovered and recrystallised grains with low dislocation cluster. On the other hand, faster quenching in brine created more deformed microstructures comprising of relatively higher local average misorientation. Such variations in structural properties reduced the hardness values obtained after the separate heat treatment procedures. It is notable that the quenching and tempering approach relieved the high stored energy imparted by the thermomechanical treatment, and helped to retained the key properties required for safe pipeline operation. In addition, the risks of HIC was minimised in the oil quenched pipeline steels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".