Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation Results in Higher Expression of Bone Formation Markers at the Growth Plate and Site Specific Effects on Bone Strength in Male Offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lower maternal serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D or ultraviolet B exposure is associated with lower bone mineral in offspring during childhood. The effect of higher maternal vitamin D status on offspring bone health at adulthood is less clear. Using the CD‐1 mouse model, this study determined if dams fed supplemental (5,000 IU/kg diet) versus low (25 IU/kg diet) levels of vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation affected bone health of male offspring. At weaning, expression of osterix, osteoprotegrin, RANKL and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the tibia growth plate was measured by immunohistochemical analyses in a subset of male mice (n=8/group). Some offspring were fed their mothers diet or the opposite diet (n=14/group) until age 3 months when bone strength, i.e. peak load, at lumbar vertebra and femur neck and midpoint was measured. At weaning, mice exposed to supplemental vitamin D had higher (p<0.05) expression of osteoprotegrin and osterix and lower (p<0.05) expression of VDR with no difference in expression of RANKL in proliferating or hypertrophic chondrocytes in the tibia growth plate. At 3 months of age, offspring of mothers fed supplemental vitamin D had lower (p<0.05) femur neck peak load with no difference in peak load at other skeletal sites regardless of post‐weaning diet. Further study is required to understand the structural changes that contribute to the lower femur neck peak load.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".