L‐and T‐type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels in Human Cerebral Circulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L‐and T‐type Ca 2+ channel expression is well documented in rat cerebral arteries. These channels play key but distinctive roles in setting cytosolic Ca 2+ , arterial tone and tissue perfusion. In this study, we examined the properties of Ca 2+ channels in human cerebral arteries collected from resection surgeries. RT‐PCR analysis revealed, similar to rat and mouse, Ca V 1.2 (L) and Ca V 3.1/Ca V 3.2 (T) channel expression in human cerebral arteries. A whole‐cell Ba 2+ current was isolated in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells, divisible into nifedipine‐sensitive and‐insensitive elements. The nifedipine‐sensitive L‐type conductance displayed slower activation/inactivation at depolarized potentials. In contrast, the nifedipine‐insensitive component: 1) displayed sensitivity to T‐type blockers (NNC 55–0396); and 2) exhibited voltage/kinetic properties reminiscent to T‐type Ca 2+ channels. The T‐type conductances (i.e. Ca V 3.1/Ca V 3.2) were separated by exploiting their differential Ni 2+ sensitivity. A cross‐species comparison revealed that the voltage/kinetic properties of human T‐type channels were similar to rodent (rat, mouse) except for a rightward shift in the activation voltage‐dependence. This study is the first to document the presence of three distinct subtypes of Ca 2+ channels in human cerebral circulation and future work will address their specific roles in the regulation of blood flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".