T‐type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels and The Induction of CICR in Vascular Smooth Muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent work has revealed a microdomain in cerebral arterial smooth muscle comprised of caveoli and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Immunolabeling techniques indicate that T‐type Ca 2+ channels and ryanodine receptors localize to this microdomain while L‐type Ca 2+ channels do not. Given these observations, T‐type Ca 2+ channels were hypothesized to initiate a CICR‐like response. To address this hypothesis, a model of smooth muscle Ca 2+ handling was developed. Our physical model was derived from direct dimensional measurements and consisted of a large cytosolic domain and a structured subspace of caveoli and SR. T‐type Ca 2+ channels and ryanodine receptors were localized to the subspace whereas L‐type Ca 2+ channels, Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, PMCA and SERCA pump were placed outside this region. The kinetics of SR Ca 2+ uptake/release were derived from previous models. The activity of sacrolemmal pumps, exchanges and channels were obtained from various sources and scaled in a smooth muscle specific manner. A 20 mV depolarizing step from −60 mV induced an initial CICR process that gave way to periodic SR Ca 2+ release every 10sec. This spark‐like release pattern was dependent upon continuous Ca 2+ influx through T‐type Ca 2+ channels and the recovery of ryanodine receptors from Ca 2+ ‐induced inactivation. Varying the depolarizing step from −50 to −30 mV did not affect the frequency of SR release, a finding consist with T‐type Ca 2+ channels acting as a two‐state switch. Supported by the Canadian Institute for Health Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".