Dietary Gangliosides Improve Intestinal Integrity and Function by Decreasing sPLA2 Independent NF‐kB Activation Mechanism in a Caco‐2 Cell Model of IBD by DSS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gangliosides are negatively charged glycosphingolipids that consist of a hydrophobic ceramide and a hydrophilic oligosaccharide chain bearing one or more sialic acid. Both animal and human cell studies suggest that gangliosides have anti‐inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine expression. The objective of this study was to use Caco‐2 IBD model induced by dextran sulfate sodium to investigate benefits of ganglioside supplementation on IBD signaling mechanisms. Epithelial barrier function was examined by measuring TEER and intestinal morphological structure damage was studied via TEM. HBD‐2, sPLA2 and NF‐kB was determined by ELISA methods. Results indicated that supplementary ganglioside significantly decreased inflammatory HBD‐2 level, improved the defective epithelial barrier function and protected the disruption of intestinal junction complexes. The sPLA2 level in the basolateral medium was significantly decreased in ganglioside supplemented cells by 40%. NF‐kB P65 activation was significantly increased by DSS alone or with ganglioside supplement. In conclusion, the present study indicated that ganglioside has promising beneficial effects on IBD by decreasing inflammatory signaling, improving epithelial barrier function and protecting intestinal integrity. The anti‐inflammatory effect may also partly contribute to decrease of sPLA2 level, while independent of NF‐kB activation. Grant Funding Source : CIHR
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".