Interleukin‐6 Signaling Mediates Human Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation Following Acute Muscle Damage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) has been implicated in satellite cell (SC)‐mediated muscle hypertrophy in animals; however, the role of IL‐6 in the SC response to acute injury in humans remains to be elucidated. Eight subjects (22 ± 1 y; 79 ± 8 kg) performed 300 maximal leg lengthening contractions (3.14 rad.s −1 ). Blood and muscle samples were collected before and at 4 (T4), 24 (T24), 72 (T72), and 120 hr (T120) post intervention. IL‐6, IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R), Cyclin D1, SOCS3 mRNA and serum IL‐6 protein were measured. JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylated and total protein and immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated STAT3 (p‐STAT3), IL‐6 and Pax7 were analyzed across all time‐points. Serum IL‐6 increased 200% by T4, while IL‐6 mRNA increased 4.5‐fold at T4, and IL‐6R mRNA increased 5‐fold at T4. Serum IL‐6 strongly correlated to muscle IL‐6 mRNA (r 2 = 0.89, p = 0.02). The number of Pax7 + cells (% myonuclei) increased 74% at T24, peaking at T72 (157% increase from PRE). SC that were IL‐6 + (% of Pax7 + cells) increased from 2% at PRE, to 60% at T4 and peaked at T24 (80% of SC). By T72, IL‐6 + SC dropped to PRE values. There was no change in JAK2, p‐JAK2, STAT3 or p‐STAT3 whole muscle protein; however, p‐STAT3 localized to the SC at T4. Cyclin D1 increased T4 and T24 (6‐fold), and SOCS3 increased 6‐fold at T24. These data suggest that IL‐6, signaling via the JAK/STAT3 pathway, mediates SC proliferation following acute myotrauma in humans. Supported by NSERC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".