ShipYOLO: An Enhanced Model for Ship Detection
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The application of ship detection for assistant intelligent ship navigation has stringent requirements for the model’s detection speed and accuracy. In response to this problem, this study uses an improved YOLO-V4 detection model (ShipYOLO) to detect ships. Compared to YOLO-V4, the model has three main improvements. Firstly, the backbone network (CSPDarknet) of YOLO-V4 is optimized. In the training process, the 3 <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><a:mo>×</a:mo></a:math> 3 convolution, 1 <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><c:mo>×</c:mo></c:math> 1 convolution, and identity parallel mode are used to replace the original feature extraction component (ResUnit) and more features are extracted. In the inference process, the branch parameters are combined to form a new backbone network named RCSPDarknet, which improves the inference speed of the model while improving the accuracy. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of missed detection of the small-scale ships, we designed a new amplified receptive field module named DSPP with dilated convolution and Max-Pooling, which improves the model’s acquisition of small-scale ship spatial information and robustness of ship target space displacement. Finally, we use the attention mechanism and Resnet’s shortcut idea to improve the feature pyramid structure (PAFPN) of YOLO-V4 and get a new feature pyramid structure named AtFPN. The structure effectively improves the model’s feature extraction effect for ships of different scales and reduces the number of model parameters, further improving the model’s inference speed and detection accuracy. In addition, we have created a ship dataset with a total of 2238 images, which is a single-category dataset. The experimental results show that ShipYOLO has the advantage of faster speed and higher accuracy even in different input sizes. Considering the input size of 320 <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><e:mo>×</e:mo></e:math> 320 on the PC equipped with NVIDIA 1080Ti GPU, the FPS and mAP@5 : 5:95 (mAP90) of ShipYOLO are increased by 23.7% and 13.6% (10.6%), respectively, with an input size of 320 <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><g:mo>×</g:mo></g:math> 320, ShipYOLO, compared to YOLO-V4.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it