Accelerated<i>in vitro</i>thermotherapy and indexing against apple chlorotic leaf spot virus in Shiro plum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Virus and virus-like diseases are major production constraints in vegetatively propagated crops; once a plant is infected, it remains so throughout its life. This work was undertaken to accelerate the process of eliminating apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) from explants obtained from an infected plum tree by in vitro heat therapy combined with meristem tip culture. After a minimum of 1 week of in vitro heat treatment followed by microdissection of meristematic tissues, trees were propagated successfully into virus-free plants. The treatment procedure, from infected plant to virus-free plantlets, takes a minimum of 14 weeks and could be applied to other fruit tree crops. The results of a one-step reverse transcription PCR analysis of treated plants after three accelerated growth cycles indicated the absence of ACLSV. Heat treatment of the test plants, followed by three rounds of indexing, was accomplished in about 28 months, a procedure that could take ≥36 months using conventional methods. The techniques described in this work may help to speed up the treatment of infected plants and screening of planting materials. The application of these procedures will benefit regulatory agencies, allow stakeholders to have timely access to virus-tested material, and facilitate domestic and international trade.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".