Valorisation du verre à bouteille comme addition fine dans les bétons autoplaçants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the region of Annaba (Algeria), the colored glass bottles are not sorted or recycled. It should be noted that in some countries like Canada, the recycling of colored glass bottles is not currently viable; the storage would be cheaper [Oxford Brookes University, 2004]. But, the valorization of glass bottles in the concrete could constitute an interesting ecological and economical alternative, allowing the removal of bulky waste and pollutants and their qualification as a new source of building materials. Technically, glass bottles contain significant amounts of alkalis that can cause detrimental effects to concrete in relation to alkali-silica or alkali-aggregate reaction if the glass is used in coarse form. In the other hand, many authors [Chen et al, 2006] agree that the glass causes a beneficial behaviour associated with the pozzolanic reaction when used in powder form. Indeed, our work is a contribution to the valorization of powder glass bottles for substituting the limestone filler traditionally used as an addition in self compacting concrete (SCC). The results obtained show a beneficial behaviour of glass powder on the characteristics, of fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete to a dosage of 30 to 60% compared to the mass of cement. Dans la région d’Annaba (Algérie), les bouteilles en verre coloré ne sont ni triées ni recyclées. Il faut signaler aussi que dans certains pays comme le Canada, le recyclage des bouteilles en verre coloré n’est pas viable actuellement, son entreposage coûterait moins cher [Oxford Brookes University, 2004]. Cependant, la valorisation du verre à bouteille dans le béton pourrait constituer une alternative écologique et économique intéressante, permettant l’élimination de décharges encombrantes et polluantes et sa qualification comme une nouvelle source de matériaux de construction. Sur le plan technique, les verres à bouteille contiennent des quantités importantes d’alcalin pouvant entraîner des effets préjudiciables sur le béton en relation avec les réactions alcali-silice ou alcali-granulat si le verre est utilisé sous forme granulaire. Par contre, de nombreux auteurs [Chen et al, 2006] conviennent que le verre entraîne un comportement bénéfique associé à la réaction pouzzolanique s’il est utilisé sous forme de poudre. En effet notre travail est une contribution à la valorisation du verre à bouteille sous forme de poudre en remplacement du filler calcaire traditionnellement utilisé comme addition dans les bétons autoplaçants (BAP). Les résultats obtenus montrent un comportement bénéfique de la poudre de verre sur les caractéristiques des bétons autoplaçants aussi bien à l’état frais qu’à l’état durci pour un dosage allant de 30 à 60 % par rapport à la masse du ciment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".