Significance of Northern Andes Terrane Extrusion and Genesis of the Interandean Valley: Paleomagnetic Evidence From the “Ecuadorian Orocline”
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract GPS data suggest that the NW South America corner forms a semi‐rigid block drifting NE‐ward along the regional dextral strike‐slip faults that bound an oceanic terrane accreted in Late Cretaceous times to W Ecuador and Colombia. However, the relevance of both strike‐slip versus thrust tectonics during Cenozoic times and their relation with oceanic terrane accretion are unclear. Here we report on the paleomagnetism of 31 mid‐upper Eocene to upper Miocene mainly volcanic sites from the Cordilleras Occidental and Real of southern Ecuador. Eleven sites show that the western Cordillera Occidental underwent a 24° ± 10° clockwise (CW) rotation with respect to South America after late Miocene times, while no rotation occurred further east. We relate the regional CW rotation to the emplacement of the Cordillera Occidental nappe onto the continental sediments of the Interandean Valley, blanketing the Cordillera's eastern margin. As rotation and continental sedimentation onset ages are similar, we interpret such tectonic depression as a narrow flexural basin formed ahead of the advancing nappe front. The 20°–30° CW Neogene rotation of the Cordillera Occidental is indistinguishable from the post‐Cretaceous rotation of the Coastal forearc oceanic blocks, implying that the whole W Ecuador Andean chain was detached and rotated over a mid‐crustal detachment during the last 10 Ma. Eocene‐Miocene paleomagnetic inclination values are systematically consistent with those expected for South America, thus excluding latitudinal terrane drift. We suggest that the Andes of Ecuador and Peru form the “Ecuadorian Orocline”, formed by opposing orogenic rotations around the Amazonian craton indenter.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it