THE EFFECT OF GENDER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF UROCORTIN NEURONS IN THE BRAINSTEM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intraventricular (icv) administration of urocortin (ucn), a neuropeptide closely related to the hypothalamic hormone corticotropin‐releasing factor, has been shown to elicit transient sympathoexcitatory responses in the male rat. However, the central sites at which ucn exerts these effects and whether gender differences exist in the location and distribution of ucn neurons are not known. In this study, experiments were done in male, and in female ovariectomized (OVX) only and OVX 17β‐estradiol (30 pg/ml plasma; OVX+E) treated Wistar rats to investigate the distribution of neurons in the brainstem containing ucn‐like immunoreactivity. Six to 9 weeks after OVX or OVX+E, animals were given an icv injection of colchicine 48 hours prior to sacrifice. In all three experimental cases, ucn neurons were identified in the Edinger Westphal nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, and a few scattered neurons were found in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus (Ambc). However, in both female groups, ucn neurons were observed within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the number of ucn neurons in the Ambc was increased compared to the male. Finally, in the OVX group distinct groups of ucn neurons were also identified in the rostral nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis, the magnocellular reticular nucleus, and throughout the external formation of Amb. Taken together, these data suggest that the wide distribution of ucn neurons within autonomic brainstem structures in the OVX female may be associated with the greater effects observed on cardiovascular variables during stress. Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".