The basic epidemiological characteristic of the colorectal cancer in the commune of Nish from 1986. to 1997.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the United States and Canada, as well as in many western and northern European countries, cancers of the large bowel is the fourth most common cancer. Incidence rates vary worldwide with the highest rates in North America, northern Europe and in the New Zealand, and lowest in Asia, Africa and on the Caribbean. The colon cancer incidence rates are similar among males and females, but rectal cancer is more frequent among males. The highest rates are registered among persons 50-70 year of age. The rectal cancer has some more frequent occurrence among younger people than colon cancer has. The aim of this investigation is to determine some basic epidemiological characteristic of colorectal cancer in the commune of Nish from 1986 to 1997 and to compare this findings with relevant literature data. The Population Cancer Register data for Nish, Pirot and Toplica district were used as a basic matherial for analysis. The descriptive epidemiological method was used, and rates were calculated per 100.000 inhabitants (not standardized) by the 1991 census. In the period from 1986 to 1997 a total number of 918 new colorectal cancer cases was registered in the commune of Nish (402 females and 516 males). Annual incidence rates were from 19.9 (1986) to 60.1 (1990), with average value of 31.1 ( 35.5 among males and 26.9 among females). Colorectal cancer was 1.3 times more frequent among males than among females. The incidence trend of colorectal cancer in the observed period increased among both sexes. The average annual incidence rate of colon cancer was 13.5 (14.2 among males and 12.8 among females) and of rectal cancer it was 17.6 (21.2 among males and 14.0 among females). The incidence trend of colon cancer among males slightly increased, and among females slightly decreased, while cancer of the rectum increased among both sexes. The incidence rates of colorectal cancer increase with age among both sexes, and the highest rates were observed among persons 70-74 years of age. In the observed period a total number of 675 death due to colorectal cancer was observed. The average annual mortality rate was 29.4 (30.7 among males and 19.3 among females). The mortality trend increased among both sexes. Mortality arise with age and the highest rates were observed among males and females elder than 70 year.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".