Control of glycolysis in pathologic cardiac hypertrophy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
5′‐AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), whose activation by a low energy status due to impaired long‐chain fatty acid oxidation, may be responsible for acceleration of glycolysis in pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we determined if enhanced fatty acid oxidation would improve energy status and normalize AMPK activity and glycolysis in hypertrophied hearts. Glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, AMPK activity, and high energy phosphates were measured in isolated working hypertrophied (HYP) and control (CON) hearts from aortic‐constricted and sham‐operated male rats. Hearts were perfused with Krebs‐Henseleit solution containing 5.5mM [5‐3H]‐glucose, 0.5mM lactate, 100mU/L insulin and either 1.2mM [1‐14C]‐palmitate (P) or a combination of [1‐14C]‐octanoate (1.2mM) and [9,10‐3H]‐palmitate (0.6mM) (O‐P). Compared to CON, fatty acid oxidation was not different in HYP perfused with O‐P but was ∼37 % lower in HYP perfused with P (p<0.05). Glycolysis was normalized in HYP by O‐P perfusion and was accelerated ∼59 % in HYP perfused with P (p<0.05). AMPK activity, which was 70 % higher than CON in HYP perfused with P (P<0.05), no longer differed between CON and HYP perfused with O‐P. Energy status did not differ between CON and HYP, although it was improved in hearts perfused with O‐P. These findings are consistent with the view that activation of AMPK is responsible, at least in part, for the acceleration of glycolysis in pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. However, AMPK activation occurs in hypertrophied hearts occurs in the absence of measurable changes in energy status suggesting other mechanisms are responsible.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".