Vitamin K (phylloquinone) mitigates spatial learning deficits in Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Athough historically discovered for its role in hemostasis, VK has recently emerged as a potentially important nutrient for brain function. VK in brain is strongly correlated to sphingolipids and rats maintained on a low VK diet develop cognitive deficits in old age. To extend our understanding of the action of VK in brain, we conducted a study in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type 1 diabetes (T1D), a model in which animals rapidly develop spatial learning memory deficits. Two‐months male S‐D rats were treated with either 65 mg/kg/day of STZ or saline (SAL) and were fed a diet containing either normal (500 μg/Kg diet) or high (5000 μg/Kg diet) amounts of VK (n=10/gp). Spatial learning abilities were investigated using the Morris water maze paradigm. Latencies to find the platform, swim speed and time in each quadrant were recorded using a HVS 2020 tracker system (HVS Image, Hampton, United Kingdom). Insulin was assessed by radioimmunoassay (Linco Res, MO, USA). Mean latencies to find the submerged platform were significantly higher in STZ than in SAL group (2‐way ANOVA, p<.01) but were lower in rats fed the high VK diet (p<.05), a finding associated with higher plasma insulin concentrations (p < 0.05). VK had no effect on cognition or insulin in the SAL gp. In conclusion, we show for the first time that a high VK diet mitigates learning impairments in T1D, a finding that may be linked to insulin metabolism. Supported by CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".