Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Corrosion susceptibility of commonly used oil sands slurry pipeline materials was evaluated with and without bitumen coating on their surface. Both linear polarization resistance (LPR) and rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) experimental techniques were used to estimate corrosion rate in a model brackish water. Five material coupons were used: two corrosion susceptible coupons, two coupons from stainless steel and one from chromium carbide overlay material. The chromium carbide overlay material was excluded from RCE experiments. Several dissolved oxygen concentrations (from 1 ppm to 9 ppm) were studied using LPR whereas RCE testing was conducted only at 5 ppm and a rotational speed of 2000 rpm. All these conditions were selected based on industrial scale experience at oil sands mine sites. In general, similar corrosion rates were observed between corrosion susceptible materials, while corrosion rate increased with increased dissolved oxygen concentration irrespective of whether the coupons surface was coated with bitumen or not. Shear force (wall shear stress or pressure drop) tends to enhance corrosion rates irrespective of a bitumen surface coating for corrosion susceptible materials. However, bitumen on the surface tends to reduce the corrosion rate significantly. Measurable corrosion rates were observed from chromium carbide overlay coupons at dissolved oxygen levels higher than 2.5 ppm. Not surprisingly, negligible corrosion was observed on stainless steel materials irrespective of coupon surface or flow condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".