Learned Bi-Resolution Image Coding using Generalized Octave Convolutions
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Learned image compression has recently shown the potential to outperform the standard codecs. State-of-the-art rate-distortion (R-D) performance has been achieved by context-adaptive entropy coding approaches in which hyperprior and autoregressive models are jointly utilized to effectively capture the spatial dependencies in the latent representations. However, the latents are feature maps of the same spatial resolution in previous works, which contain some redundancies that affect the R-D performance. In this paper, we propose a learned bi-resolution image coding approach that is based on the recently developed octave convolutions to factorize the latents into high and low resolution components. Therefore, the spatial redundancy is reduced, which improves the R-D performance. Novel generalized octave convolution and octave transposed-convolution architectures with internal activation layers are also proposed to preserve more spatial structure of the information. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms all existing learned methods as well as standard codecs such as the next-generation video coding standard VVC (4:2:0) in both PSNR and MS-SSIM. We also show that the proposed generalized octave convolution can improve the performance of other auto-encoder-based schemes such as semantic segmentation and image denoising.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it