Influence of sweet whey permeate utilization on <scp> <i>Tetradesmus obliquus</i> </scp> growth and β‐galactosidase production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The practicability of culturing microalgae in mixotrophic mode using sweet whey permeate (SWP), a highly perishable by‐product stream from cheese manufacturing, is evaluated for microalgal growth and β‐galactosidase production. This study is conducted with Tetradesmus obliquus , species known for their ability to adapt to various conditions with different carbon sources. The influence of pure lactose, the primary carbon source of SWP, is first surveyed. Partial substitutions of the basal culture medium with SWP in various proportions are then conducted. Results show that substituting 60% (v/v) of the culture medium with SWP significantly enhances T. obliquus growth (up to 2.1 g L −1 ) and total enzyme production (up to 208.5 U L −1 ). Besides, a molecule expected to be a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) is detected in the presence of high SWP proportions. Overall results suggest a short‐term culture duration (around 8 days) for producing the β‐galactosidase enzyme and a long‐term culture duration (over 15 days) for biomass production. However, the use of 100% (v/v) SWP seems to be non‐profitable due to a lack of some essential nutrients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".