Ion Regulation, Acid/Base Balance and Gas Exchange Interactions in Salmon Across Salinities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Migration between freshwater and sea water in diadromous fishes requires substantial changes in branchial, renal and intestinal regulation. Since little is known about osmoregulation in fishes in brackish water, where the gradients for water and ion movements are reduced, we investigated the organ‐specific transitions in osmoregulation across salinities, and how these may impose tradeoffs with brachial gas‐exchange and organismal acid/base‐balance. We acclimated Coho salmon to fresh‐, brackish‐, and seawater for a full year, and then measured ion‐ and acid/base‐regulation and gas‐exchange in fishes instrumented with vascular and urinary bladder cannulas. We show that glomerular filtration rate and urine production gradually decrease with increases in salinity, while drinking rates do not increase until salinities exceed isosmotic, showing that transitions in osmoregulatory function of the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract are not initiated at the same salinity. Further, we show that arterial blood gas status is identical across salinities, suggesting that branchial remodeling during salinity acclimation does not affect gas‐exchange. Lastly, we show that plasma ion composition differs across salinities and is associated with different set‐points for intra‐ and extracellular pH‐regulation. These data provide insight into compromises between ion regulation, acid/base balance and gas‐exchange in euryhaline animals across salinities. Support or Funding Information CD is supported by the Carlsberg Foundation and the research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Strategic Partnership Grant. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".