Mice deficient in receptors for TNF‐α and IL‐1 are not protected against DSS‐induced colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1 are involved in the pathogenesis of T‐cell‐independent dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐ induced colitis, however, their roles are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the severity of colitis in mice lacking the TNFR1, TNFR2, or the IL‐1RI compared to wildtype mice. Mice (C57Bl/6, TNFR1 −/− , TNFR2 −/− , and IL‐1RI −/− ) were fed 3% w/v DSS through drinking water for 5 days then were killed 2 days later to evaluate acute colitis. DSS feeding resulted in no significant differences in weight loss between C57Bl/6, TNFR1 −/− and IL‐1RI −/− (9.4%±1.9%), however, TNFR2 −/− mice lost significantly more weight compared to other strains (18%±3.4%). Occult stool blood appeared on day 2 of DSS feeding in TNFR2 −/− mice but on day 3 of DSS feeding in the other strains. Therefore, TNFR2 −/− mice, determined by weight loss and occult blood, appeared to develop the most severe colitis. Mice fed DSS had shorter colons compared to their respective non‐DSS treated controls, and TNFR1 −/− and IL‐1RI −/− mice had significantly shorter colons than inflamed C57Bl/6 mice. Clinical and histopathological scores were similar between strains fed DSS. Colonic epithelial apoptosis, determined by TUNEL, was similar between strains fed DSS. These data suggest that there is redundancy in the roles of TNF‐α and IL‐1 receptors in DSS colitis. Funded by Dalhousie Cancer Research Program and Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".