Aquaporin 3 promotes intestinal epithelial proliferation and inhibits cytokine‐induced apoptosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with barrier dysfunction, which includes impaired absorption, decreased secretion and increased apoptosis. Given that AQPs are involved in all of these processes and that AQP3 is expressed throughout the gut, we sought to determine the role of AQP3 in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and survival. Methods: Stable AQP3 knockdown clones of the HT29 human adenocarcinoma cell line were developed using shRNA and a cell proliferation assay was performed using 10% FBS and serum-free conditions to assess AQP3 knockdown cell growth and replication. To induce apoptosis, cells were treated with 40 ng/mL IFNγ and 10 ng/mL TNFα and cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) products were assessed using western blot. Results: AQP3 knockdown clones exhibited 94-97% decreased AQP3 expression. At 24 and 48 hrs AQP3 knockdown cell proliferation was not impaired, however at 72 hrs the AQP3 knockdown clones exhibited significantly impaired proliferation, reduced by 47-61% under 10% FBS conditions but not in serum free conditions. Western blot results did not show significant differences in cell death markers at 6 hours, however at 24 hours increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP were observed in AQP3 knockdown cells compared to scrambled shRNA clones. Conclusion Failure to properly regulate intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis can result in inflammation and mucosal injury. Our data highlights a potential functional role of AQP3 in intestinal epithelial cells, and its involvement in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".