Progesterone or dihydrotestosterone induced relaxation of female guinea pig gallbladder strips is mediated by different mechanisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Progesterone (P) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) each relax cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK) induced tension. The relaxation was shown to be concentration dependent for both P and DHT. An in vitro technique was used to determine which second messenger system(s) mediate the observed relaxation. Statistical analysis used either paired t‐tests or analysis of variance. To determine if the PKA/cAMP second messenger system mediated the P‐ or DHT‐induced relaxation, PKA inhibitor 14‐22 amide myristolated (PKA‐IM; 180 nM) was used. PKA‐IM caused a significant (p<0.01) decrease in P‐induced relaxation (58.0 + 3.5 vs 53.3 + 3.4%), but had no significant effect on DHT‐induced relaxation. When the PKC inhibitors bisindolymaleimide IV (0.5 µM) and chelerythrine Cl (5 µM) were used together, a significant (p<0.01) reduction in P‐induced relaxation (57.6 + 3.3 vs 39.3 + 4.1%) was observed. These agents had no significant effect on the DHT‐induced relaxation. The PKG inhibitor, KT5823 (585 nM), had no significant effect on either P‐ or DHT‐induced relaxation. 2‐APB (126 µM), an inhibitor of IP 3 induced intracellular Ca 2+ release, significantly (p<0.001) decreased the amount of CCK‐induced tension, but had no significant effect on either the P‐ or DHT‐induced relaxation. Genistein (10 µM), a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly (P<0.001) decreased the amount of CCK‐induced tension with no significant decrease in either P‐ or DHT‐induced relaxation. The results suggest that both the PKA/cAMP and PKC second messenger systems mediated the P‐induced relaxation of CCK‐induced tension in female guinea pig gallbladder strips. The results also show that the DHT‐induced relaxation is not mediated by the same second messenger pathways as P and is the subject of current investigations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".