Phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein by tissue transglutaminase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increased expression of ubiquitous enzyme, tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is consistently seen in a variety of models of apoptosis. Here we show that retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a substrate for the recently identified serine/threonine kinase activity of TG2. Phosphospecific antibodies indicated that TG2 phosphorylated at the critically important Ser 780 in Rb. Furthermore, when E2F1 was immunoprecipitated from MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and incubated with Rb 773–928 fragment, phosphorylation of Rb by TG2 destabilizes the Rb/E2F1 complex. TG2 alone in the absence of ATP had no effect. The TG2 kinase activity was abrogated by high Ca 2+ concentrations whereas the cross‐linking activity of TG2 was inhibited by ATP. These results suggest that a rise in cytosolic Ca 2+ that accompanies many pro‐apoptotic stimuli may result in a switch in TG2 functional activity from phosphorylation to cross‐linking. This research was supported by funds from the Canadian Institute of Health Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".