Arachidonic acid and Docosahexaenoic acid attenuate inflammation in human fetal but not adult intestinal epithelial cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants is characterized by excessive inflammatory response of the immature gut. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effects of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), at physiological range of concentrations present in human milk, on inflammation in human fetal and adult intestinal cells and delineate their mechanisms of action. Human fetal and adult (Caco2) intestinal epithelial cells in culture were treated with 10, 50, 100 and 200uM concentrations of DHA, AA and palmitic acid (PA) conjugated to bovine serum albumin for 72hrs and challenged with IL1‐β. In human fetal enterocytes, AA suppressed IL‐8 and IL‐6 secretion in a dose dependent manner compared to control, DHA and PA. DHA at 200μM conc attenuated IL‐8 and IL‐6 secretion compared to control and PA. DHA enhanced fetal intestinal epithelial cell viability at 100 and 200μM conc compared to control, PA and AA. In contrast, in adult enterocytes, AA had a pro‐inflammatory effect with increased IL‐8 secretion and DHA did not show any dose‐ dependent effects. PA increased IL‐8 and IL‐6 secretion by fetal and adult enterocytes compared to DHA and AA. Thus, AA and DHA developmentally regulate intestinal inflammation and may protect preterm infants against necrotizing enterocolitis. (Supported by a supplemental grant awarded to Dr. V. Wijendran, NICHD‐ R01‐ HD059126, PI: Dr. Walker)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".