ATP acts via P2Y1 receptors in the preBötzinger Complex in vivo to attenuate the secondary hypoxic respiratory depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ventilatory response to hypoxia comprises an initial increase in ventilation followed by a secondary depression that can be life‐threatening in premature infants. The mechanisms underlying the kinetics and magnitude of this secondary depression are not known, but ATP released within the ventrolateral medulla acts via purinergic (P2) receptors to attenuate this depression. We explored the hypothesis developed from analysis of the rhythmic medullary slice preparation that ATP acts via P2Y 1 receptors in the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC, a critical site for inspiratory rhythm generation) to mediate this attenuation. Adult, urethane‐anesthetized, spontaneously‐breathing, vagotomized rats were exposed to 10% O 2 (90% N 2 ) for 5 min immediately following local unilateral injection of vehicle (0.2μl HEPES buffer) or 500 μM MRS2279 (P2Y 1 receptor antagonist) into the preBötC. Respiratory frequency (f R ) and minute ventilation (V E ) increased rapidly by ~40% in both groups. f R fell to baseline levels in the control group but to 0.8 of baseline in the MRS2279‐injected animals. V E fell to levels that were 20% above baseline in the control group but to baseline in the MRS2279 group. Data suggest that during hypoxia endogenously‐released ATP acts via P2Y 1 receptors in the preBötC to reduce the magnitude of the secondary hypoxic respiratory depression. Supported by CIHR, AIHS, CFI, WCHRI and ALA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".