Shell-bearing mollusks of the order Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) of the Kara Sea: fauna and ecology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The survey of shell-bearing heterobranchs of the order Cephalaspidea of the Kara Sea has been done based on unpublished and literature data. The studied material includes that collected during expeditions aboard R/V Professor Multanovskiy in August–September 2019 and R/V Dalnie Zelentsy in August 2012. Additionally, the material of collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg) has been studied. The fauna of heterobranch molluscs of the order Cephalaspidea in the Kara Sea includes 18 described and 1 undescribed species that belong to 10 genera and 6 families. It has been specified that the type locality of Retusa semen Reeve, 1855 (Port Refuge) is located at Port Refuge National Historic Site of Canada, Devon Island, Nunavut, not in the Kara Sea. Retusa semen is considered here as species inquirenda because of the brief original description, significant differences in drawings of the shell of this species made by different authors, and the absence of type specimens. The presence of Diaphana minuta Brown, 1827, Laona quadrata (Wood, 1839), Philine sinuata Stimpson, 1851 and Retusa semen in the Kara Sea needs confirmation. Species numbers of heterobranch molluscs of the order Cephalaspidea decrease from the Barents Sea (21) through the Kara Sea (19) to the Laptev Sea (15) because of the decreasing proportion of boreal-arctic species. Among cephalaspids of the Kara Sea, the highest average abundance (individuals/m2) was observed for Cylichnoides densistriatus (Leche, 1878), and the highest average biomass for Cylichna corticata (Møller, 1842). The proportion of live individuals in the populations does not exceed 18% in late August – early September. The taxonomic structure of the cephalaspid fauna of the Kara Sea has been studied based exclusively on morphological characters. Further study of the fauna is needed based on molecular analyses of the material fixed in 96˚ alcohol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".