Control of mitochondrial respiration in flight muscle of bar‐headed geese
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined whether flight muscle metabolic capacity or mitochondrial regulation have evolved in the bar‐headed goose to facilitate flight at high altitude. Biopsies were collected from the pectoralis muscle of this species and several low altitude waterfowl species (greylag geese, barnacle geese, and mallard ducks), the muscle fibers were permeabilized, and their respiration was measured by high resolution respirometry. Respiratory capacities, namely maximum ADP‐stimulated respiration using single or multiple inputs to the electron transport system, as well as complex IV excess capacity, were similar between species. However, the kinetics of ADP stimulated respiration were different in bar‐headed geese than in low altitude waterfowl, due to a reduced ADP sensitivity (higher Km) under oxygen saturating conditions. The sensitivity of respiration to creatine was also enhanced in bar‐headed goose muscle. These data suggest that ATP supply and demand may be better coordinated in the flight muscle of bar‐headed geese, which should be adaptive for intense exercise in severe hypoxia. (Supported by NSERC of Canada)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".