Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces endothelial dysfunction in mice fed a high fat diet but not in mice fed a normal diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH). OSA is prevalent in obese subjects, and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders. We evaluated whether the effects of IH could be modulated by diet. Methods Adult (8–10 wk) male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups: IH or intermittent air (IA) and fed either a high‐fat (HF) or regular chow (RC) diet for 6 weeks. Endothelial dependent vasodilatation of the aorta was assessed using a wire myograph. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were also measured. Results Endothelial function was impaired in the HFIH group (Emax: 78.0 ±2.4% of induced tone) compared to the other three groups (P<0.0001). Basal NO activity was also reduced in HFIH when compared to HFIA group as measured by Emax constriction before and after L‐NAME (Emax: 145.6±9.9% vs. 183.7±7.7%P<0.01). MDA and CRP levels were elevated in IH (MDA: 0.67±0.05 vs. 0.42±0.04 μM, P<0.05)(CRP: 10.39±0.38 vs. 8.7±0.22 μg/ml, P<0.01), and were more pronounced in the HFIH (MDA: 0.83±0.08 μM ‐ CRP: 11.87±0.32 μg/ml). Conclusion IH causes endothelial dysfunction in mice fed high fat diet but not normal chow. Inflammation and oxidative stress are increased in IH and is exacerbated by a high fat diet. (CIHR Team Grant)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".