RENAL EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE (NO) IN CONSCIOUS LAMBS: ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN II (ANG II) TYPE 1 (AT1R) AND TYPE 2 (AT2R) RECEPTORS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previously, we showed that in conscious lambs, removal of endogenously produced NO by administration of the L-arginine analogue, L-NAME, resulted in a diuresis and natriuresis at six weeks but not at one week post natally (Sener & Smith, 2002). To investigate whether these age-dependent renal responses to L-NAME are influenced by ANG II through activation of AT1R and/or AT2R, experiments were carried out in conscious, chronically instrumented lambs aged ~one (N=7) and ~six weeks (N=9). Urine and blood samples were collected before and after I.V. administration of ZD 7155 (to inhibit AT1Rs, experiment 1), PD 123319 (to inhibit AT2Rs, experiment 2), and both ZD 7155 and PD 123319 (experiment 3) as well as after L-NAME. Urinary flow rate (V), electrolyte excretions (UXV), and clearances (CX) were later calculated. At six weeks, V, UNaV, and UKV increased after L-NAME in all three experiments, with the greatest response occurring after ZD 7155 alone. At one week, the V, UNaV, and UKV responses to L-NAME were increased after PD 123319 alone, as compared to ZD 7155 alone and combined treatment with ZD 7155 and PD 123319. CNa and CK mirrored UNaV and UKV, respectively. These data provide the first evidence that age-dependent renal effects of NO are influenced by ANG II through predominant effects of AT1Rs soon after birth and AT2Rs later in life. This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".