Intermittent Hypoxia Alters Circulating Leptin Levels and the Activity of Pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) has been shown to induce a reduction in body weight; however, the mechanisms associated with this affect are not known. In this study, adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to eucapnic, isobaric IH (80 s hypoxia to 6.5% oxygen; 120 s normoxia) or similarly to normoxic conditions for an 8 h period during the rat sleep cycle. Immediately after exposure, a blood sample was collected for determination of plasma leptin, and the animals were then perfused transcardially for immunocytochemistry. Brains were removed, paraffin embedded, and transverse sections of the hypothalamus were cut at 6 μm and processed for the immediate early gene Fra‐1 and POMC expression. In second set of animals, food intake was measured for 14 h immediately after IH exposure. The animals exposed to IH had a significantly greater decrease in body weight compared to normoxic controls, and consumed significantly less food despite their loss in body weight. Also, IH animals had a significantly elevated plasma leptin level compared to normoxic controls. Finally, an increase in Fra‐1 expression in POMC arcuate neurons was found within the IH exposed animals. These data suggest that the increased plasma leptin induced by IH may alter the activity of arcuate POMC neurons that in turn alter central mechanisms regulating energy balance. Supported by Heart and Stroke Fdn. of Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".