Abstract P218: Induction of Human Endothelin-1 Overexpression for 3 Months Causes Blood Pressure Rise and Small Artery Endothelial Dysfunction and Stiffening
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms of blood pressure (BP) regulation by endothelin (ET)-1 produced by endothelial cells are complex and remain unclear. Recently, we developed a transgenic mouse with tamoxifen-inducible endothelium-restricted human ET-1 overexpression (ieET-1) using Cre/loxP technology. ieET-1 mice exhibited BP rise after three weeks of induction in an ET type A (ET A ) receptor-dependent manner, in absence of vascular and kidney injury. It is unknown whether long-term exposure to ET-1 overexpression results in sustained BP elevation and vascular injury. Design and methods: Nine to 12-week old male ieET-1 mice and control ieCre mice expressing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the control of endothelium-specific Tie2 promoter, were treated with tamoxifen (1 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 5 days and studied 3 months later. ieET-1 mice were treated or not with ET A receptor blocker, atrasentan (10 mg/kg/day, PO) in the last 2 weeks of the study. BP by telemetry, endothelial function and vascular remodeling by pressurized myography and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation using dihydroethidium staining in mesenteric artery (MA) or perivascular fat (PVAT) and renal artery flow (RAF) by ultrasonography were determined. Results: Systolic BP was increased in ieET-1 and normalized by atrasentan compared to ieCre mice (141±0 and 124±4 vs 120±0 mm Hg, P <0.001). Endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to acetylcholine were impaired in ieET-1 and uncorrected by atrasentan compared to ieCre (35±4 and 32±4 vs 65±8%, P <0.01). Media/lumen and media cross-sectional area were unchanged, but stiffness was increased in ieET-1 and normalized by atrasentan compared to ieCre mice (strain at 140 mm Hg: 0.6±0.0 and 0.7±0.0 vs 0.7±0.0 ΔD/D, P <0.05). ROS generation was enhanced in PVAT of ieET-1 and normalized with atrasentan when compared to ieCre mice (1.4±0.1 and 0.9±0.1 and vs 1.0±0.1 relative fluorescence units/μm 2 , P <0.05). RAF was decreased in ieET-1 and unchanged by atrasentan compared with control (1.8±0.2 and 2.0±0.2 vs 3.0±0.3 mL/min, P <0.01). Conclusions: Long-term exposure to endothelial human ET-1 overexpression caused sustained BP elevation, endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening and oxidative stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".