Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Coaching Life Skills in Sport Questionnaire
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Coaching Life Skills in Sport Questionnaire (CLSS-Q) is a 5-factor 36-item scale developed in the English language to assess the extent to which coaches are intentional in their approaches to teaching life skills through sport. To allow for usage of the CLSS-Q in Portuguese-speaking countries, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-cultural adaptation and the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the CLSS-Q (P-CLSS-Q). In Phase 1, the scale was cross-culturally adapted through consecutive stages of translation and back-translation, expert feedback, committee revision, and pretesting. In Phase 2, 753 youth sport coaches (i.e., 376 Brazilians and 377 Portuguese) completed the questionnaire. After randomly splitting participants into two independent samples, the translated and cross-culturally adapted questionnaire was subjected to an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis. Other analyses were also applied to verify the instrument’s psychometric properties. The results led to a 5-factor 30-item scale with indications that the P-CLSS-Q has some evidence of validity in measuring the extent to which coaches intentionally teach life skills through sport in Portuguese-speaking countries. Future studies are needed to further investigate the psychometric properties of both the CLSS-Q and the P-CLSS-Q in other sociocultural contexts where coaches have varying levels of exposure to the concept of life skills and its implication for coaching practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".