Relict basal ice from the Laurentide Ice Sheet near Lac de Gras, Slave Geological Province, N.W.T., Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 2015 drilling campaign near Lac de Gras has recovered permafrost core interpreted to contain preserved basal ice of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (Subedi et al., 2020). Previous samples of basal ice from ice sheets originate from coring, usually beneath modern ice divides, modern margins of Arctic icecaps that have preserved basal ice-sheet ice, or from studies near the margins of former ice sheets. The present study may be the first evidence of basal ice a few hundred kilometers from ice divides. In this intermediate zone, rates of erosion beneath an ice sheet increase and the thermal regime at the base varies. Our finding is of applied relevance because it highlights the mosaic character of a landscape that contains terrain types with non-negligible ground-ice content, poised for climate-driven thaw and landscape change. The occurrence and mosaic character of preserved ice may be reconciled with glaciological theory and observations from mineral prospecting using the theory on the genesis of dispersal plumes in till developed by Hooke et al. (2013). The existence of preserved basal ice opens basic-research opportunities alongside exploration, mining and infrastructure development in the area. Hooke, R. L. B., Cummings, D. I., Lesemann, J. E., and Sharpe, D. R.: Genesis of dispersal plumes in till, Can. Jo. Earth Sci., 50, 847–855, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0018, 2013. Subedi, R., Kokelj, S. V., and Gruber, S.: Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave Geological Province, Northwest Territories, Canada, The Cryosphere, 14, 4341–4364, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4341-2020, 2020.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".