Gestational stress promotes apneas in newborn rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because gestational stress (GS) compromises brain development, we hypothesized that it promotes apneas in newborn rats. Dams assigned to the stress group were subjected to cage displacement and exposure to predator odour extract from the 9 th to 19 th day of gestation. Controls were undisturbed. Plethysmographic measurements of respiratory activity in newborn (P0 to P4) showed that the frequency of apneic events were greater in pups born to stressed dams. At P4, pulse oxymetry monitoring showed that GS augments the proportion of apneas with O 2 desaturation in males but not females. During acute hypoxia (12% O 2 ), the reflexive increase in breathing frequency augmented with age, but this response was consistently lower in GS pups. Variability of the phrenic burst interval recorded from in vitro “ en bloc ” medullary preparations decreased with age but was higher in GS pups than controls. At birth, medullary serotonin (5‐HT) and noradrenalin levels of GS pups were lower than controls. Bath application of 5‐HT ( in vitro ) and injection of 8‐OH DPAT (5‐HT 1A agonist; in vivo ) reduced instability and apneas of GS pups to control levels. We conclude that disruption of the endocrine milieu during foetal life interferes with respiratory control development of the offspring. Deficit in medullary 5‐HT contributes to the deleterious effects of GS on respiratory activity at birth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".