Zinc depletion‐induced apoptosis is mediated through Ca <sup>2+</sup> ‐ dependent depolarization of mitochondria membrane in human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have previously shown that zinc depletion induces a Ca 2+ ‐ dependent apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. This zinc depletioninduced apoptosis is associated with an increased Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio and an elevated caspase‐9 and −3 activities while caspase‐8 activity remains unchanged. We hypothesized that Ca 2+ ‐dependent depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane is involved in zinc depletion‐induced apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, MDA‐MB‐ 231 cells were cultured in DMEM+10% FBS for 3 days followed by treating the cells with N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis[2‐ pyridylmethyl]ethylenediamine (TPEN; 20μM) alone for 0–24h or in the presence of 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA; 0–20μM) for 24h. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by a DiOC 6 flow cytometric assay. TPEN caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in a treatment duration‐dependent manner (2–24h; R 2 =0.99). BAPTA reduced TPEN‐induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane by 62–79%. Collectively, these results indicated that zinc depletion‐induced apoptosis was mediated through a Ca 2+ ‐dependent depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Supported by NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".