Prenatal Exposure to Ethanol and the Epigenetic Regulation of Serotonin Transporter ( <i>Slc6a4</i> ) and Glucocorticoid Receptor ( <i>Nr3c1</i> ) Genes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) causes a range of cognitive impairment however the molecular aetiology underlying FASD is not fully understood. We hypothesize that developmental programming of gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to FASD. We studied the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor ( Nr3c1 ) and the serotonin transporter ( Slc6a4 ) in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of young adult rats exposed prenatally to ethanol. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a liquid ethanol diet (E), a pair‐fed liquid control diet (PF), or lab chow (C) throughout pregnancy and the adult offspring were studied at 55 days of age. Female rats from E dams had lower ( P <0.05) Nr3c1 mRNA levels in hippocampus and lower ( P <0.01) Slc6a4 mRNA levels in hypothalamus than female rats from PF dams. Male rats from E dams had higher ( P <0.05) Slc6a4 mRNA levels in hippocampus and lower ( P <0.01) Slc6a4 mRNA levels in hypothalamus than male rats from C dams. Further analysis of the methylation status of 23 CpG sites in the 5′ regulatory region of Slc6a4 in hypothalamus showed lower ( P <0.05) methylation in female and male rats from E dams compared to female and male rats, respectively, from C and PF dams. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to alcohol may affect the developmental programming of gene expression in hypothalamus via epigenetic mechanisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".