Stable Expression of the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) in Metastatic Cancer Cells: A Novel Imaging Tool
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In most cancer patients, tumor metastasis to distant organs is the leading cause of death. Tumor cells dissociated from the primary site generally first encounter the lung, making it a significant site of tumor metastasis. We have generated a construct containing the cDNA for the rat sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and stably expressed it in mouse melanoma (B16F0) cells. Intravenous injection of these genetically‐modified B16F0 cells resulted in black tumor nodules throughout the lungs after 14–21 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed numerous mitotic figures in these tumor nodules indicating cell proliferation. In addition, tumor cells were found surrounding capillaries suggesting both angiogenesis and possible routes for metastasis. High resolution in vivo imaging of cancer tumors in large opaque animals is extremely difficult. The high energy X‐rays produced by synchrotron light are capable of overcoming this obstacle and producing in vivo images of these metastatic tumors with much greater sensitivity. Thus, in this study we have developed a novel animal model using these modified tumor cells to accumulate iodine as a contrast agent for in vivo synchrotron imaging of metastatic lung cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".