Dietary bovine lactoferrin does not alter intestinal lymphocyte apoptosis but decreases TNF‐α production during exercise induced intestinal inflammation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Strenuous exercise can induce physiological alterations (e.g., ischemia‐reperfusion injury, generation of free radicals, increased stress hormones, apoptosis) which increase the likelihood of intestinal inflammation. Bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a common dietary protein which affects cytokine expression and lymphocyte apoptosis, is a potential therapeutic tool against the development of intestinal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of bLf on intestinal lymphocyte (IL) apoptosis and cytokine production following strenuous exercise. C57BL/6 female mice (n=89) were given three repeated bouts of exhaustive exercise, plasma collected and IL isolated. Exercise resulted in IL loss (p<0.05) attributed to increased expression of pro‐apoptotic caspase‐3 (p<0.001) and decreased expression of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 (p<0.05) in IL. Elevations in corticosterone (p<0.05) and 8‐isoprostane F 2α (p<0.05) in plasma and HSP 70 (p<0.01) in IL were also observed following exercise. Dietary bLf did not alter these exercise induced effects but did decrease TNF‐α expression (p<0.05), possibly through reduced levels of NFκB (p<0.05) in IL; there was no change in IL‐10. Thus, dietary bLf does not appear to alter exercise induced IL cell loss and apoptosis but may confer some intestinal protection by decreasing the TNF‐α (inflammatory) cytokine response. Research supported by NSERC of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".