Functional Nanoparticles via “Living” Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Molecular, and more recently, macromolecular synthesis has evolved to an advanced state allowing the creation of remarkably complex organic molecules and well-defined polymers with typical dimensions from 0.5 nm -10 nm. In contrast, the ability to prepare materials in the 10 nm -100 micron size regime with controlled shape, dimensions, and structural hierarchy is still in its relative infancy and currently remains the virtually exclusive domain of biology. In this talk recent developments concerning a promising "seeded growth" route to well-defined 1D and 2D nano-and microparticles termed "living" crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA), will be described. Living CDSA can be regarded as a type of "living supramolecular polymerization" that is analogous to living covalent polymerizations of molecular monomers but on a much longer length scale (typically, 10 nm -5 microns). Living CDSA also shows analogies to biological "nucleation-elongation" processes such as amyloid fiber growth. The building blocks or "monomers" used for living CDSA consist of a rapidly stacking molecules with a wide variety of chemistries. The seeds used as "initiators" for living CDSA are usually prepared from preformed polydisperse 1D or 2D micelles by sonication. Recent results indicate that living CDSA is scalable, which will help enable applications in areas such as optoelectronics, catalysis, and biomedicine, and recent examples of work by our group and our collaborators in these areas will be discussed.1-4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".