L‐ and T‐ Type Calcium Channels in Cerebral Arteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the expression, localization, and functional properties of voltage gated Ca 2+ channels in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells. An initial PCR and western blot analysis, performed on whole arteries and isolated smooth muscle cells, revealed that the α 1 subunits of L‐type (Cav1.2) and T‐type (Cav3.1 and Cav3.2) Ca 2+ channels were present in these tissues. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of all 3 Ca 2+ channel subunits in specified cellular regions. Cav1.2 labeling was ribbon‐like along the length of the smooth muscle cell whereas T‐type labeling was punctate and localized to periodically spaced regions. Whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology confirmed the presence of a Ca 2+ current that was only partly blocked by nifedipine, an L‐type Ca 2+ channel inhibitor. Characteristic of T‐type Ca 2+ channels, the nifedipine‐insensitive component displayed fast inactivation kinetics and was abolished by mibefradil, efondipine and kurtoxin. Pressure myography experiments subsequently revealed that arterial tone was differential affected by L‐ and T‐type Ca 2+ channel blockade depending on whether the vessel was pressurized to 20 or 80 mmHg. This differential effect was consistent with the voltage‐dependent properties of the two channel subtypes. In closing, this study found that L‐ and T‐type Ca 2+ channels are expressed in cerebral arterial smooth muscle and that both contribute to tone development in accordance within their defined electrophysiological properties. Supported by CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".