Systemic delivery of a crude extract of the tapeworm, <i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i> , exerts an anti‐inflammatory effect in a murine model of colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Awareness of how parasites diminish the host's immune response would, in theory, allow for the development of new therapies to combat autoimmune and inflammatory disease. In an in vitro analysis, we showed that a >50kDa fraction from adult Hymenolepis diminuta blocked mitogen‐induced T cell activation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this H. diminuta extract would block the colitis that develops in mice in response to intra‐rectal instillation of dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS) – a system used as a model of the human inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease. Balb/c mice were treated with 100μl of 50% ethanol ir (control), 3mg of DNBS (in ethanol, ir) or DNBS + worm antigen (3×1mg ip injections over 3 days). Mice were sacrificed 72h after DNBS and clinical disease scores, histological damage scores, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO, indicates granulocyte infiltration) activity, and TNFα and IL‐10 production by splenocytes assessed. DNBS treatment caused colitis as shown by wasting, elevated MPO (14.0±3.9 vs. 2.0±0.3 U/mg; n=3) and the production of TNFα (783±27 pg/ml) but not IL‐10. In contrast, mice treated with DNBS + worm antigen showed no mortality and only minor signs of colitic disease that was accompanied by increased IL‐10 (2.0±0.9 ng/ml; n=3). Purification and synthesis of this immunosuppressive factor from H. diminuta could be used to treat inflammatory diseases. CCFC funded.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".