Last Interglacial sea ice variability and paleoceanography of the Labrador Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sea ice provides strong feedback in the climate system, and it plays an important role in modulating the strength of the Thermohaline Circulation through glacials, and even interglacials. The warmer than present Last Interglacial (LIG, ~116-128 ka) is thought to have a less stable climate than the current interglacial. Proxies from the deep- and surface subpolar North Atlantic Ocean show prominent instabilities pointing toward coupled ocean-climate variability. Here we reconstruct sea surface and sea ice changes of the subpolar gyre through the penultimate deglaciation and LIG in order to evaluate sea ice’s role as a driver and amplifier of these ocean circulation and climate changes. We reconstruct the sea ice and sea surface conditions using biomarkers (IP25, sterols) and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Eirik Drift. Low productivity combined with an absence of IP25 could indicate a potential full sea ice cover through MIS 6. The surface ocean experienced large variability through the first half of the LIG, including an early cooling with potential seasonal sea ice cover evident from the dinoflagellate cyst assemblage and IP25. The peak warm period of the LIG is seen in the second half, followed by a brief cooling period towards the end. Following the LIG, MIS 5d is characterized by an IP25 signal and high relative abundances of round brown dinocysts indicating cooling with seasonal sea ice cover. Initial comparisons with deep ventilation proxies (benthic foraminiferal δ13C data) indicate a potential close link between sea ice, surface hydrography and deep circulation. In future studies, we aim to compare the sea ice record to benthic foraminiferal δ13C data from the same samples to better understand the connection between surface and deep-ocean variability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".